Biodiversity2021-Taped.pptx
Biodiversity
Deep Sea Acorn WormYoda Purpurata
What is Biodiversity?
How can you measure biodiversity?
Species Discovery Curve
Known Species
8-14 (8.7) million species
1.2 million are known
2.2 million marine
Eucaryotes
Procaryotes (bacteria)
# of Species
Vertebrate Animals
Mammals5,490
Birds9,998
Reptiles9,084
Amphibians6,433
Fishes31,300
Total Vertebrates62,305
Invertebrate Animals
Insects1,000,000
Spiders and scorpions102,248
Molluscs85,000
Crustaceans47,000
Corals2,175
Others68,827
Total Invertebrates1,305,250
# of species (cont)
Plants
Flowering plants (angiosperms)281,821
Conifers (gymnosperms)1,021
Ferns and horsetails12,000
Mosses16,236
Red and green algae10,134
Total Plants321,212
Others
Lichens17,000
Mushrooms31,496
Brown algae3,067
Total Others51,563
TOTAL SPECIES1,740,330
Mora et al., 2011
# of species (undiscovered)
Biodiversity-How to get more species
Evolution:
Natural Variation (mutation)
Survival of the Fittest
Survive and Reproduce
Natural Selection
Biodiversity Over Time
Mutation
Natural Selection
Environmental Variability
Phylogenetic Tree of Life
Genetic Similarity
Evolution
Why is Biodiversity Good?
Sustainability during environmental variability
Ecosystem goods and services
Medicines
Clean water
Food
Minimize climate impacts
Flood protection
Mass Extinctions
Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) Boundary
65 million years ago
Dinosaurs
Massive bolide
Permian-Triassic
251.4 million years ago
The Great Dying
96% of marine species
70% of terrestrial vertebrates
Holocene (since last ice age)
100-1000 times background extinction rates
Loss of Biodiversity
Causes of Biodiversity Loss
Habitat loss
Patch Size
Pollution
Hunting/fishing
Changes in biogeochemical cycles
Invasive species
Climate change
Habitat Loss
Invasive Species
Invasive Species
Causes:
-Ballast Water
-Aquaria/pets
-Gardens
-Transport of food
& goods
Protected Areas
